Frequenz-Wellenlängen-Umrechnung
Frequenz und Wellenlänge mit Geschwindigkeitsfaktor
Required Parameters
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Quick Answer
Wavelength (λ) = Velocity / Frequency. In a vacuum, velocity is the speed of light (c). In a cable or PCB, waves travel slower, requiring a Velocity Factor (VF) between 0.5 and 0.9.
Frequency to Period Calculator
Convert frequency to period instantly with T = 1/f — enter Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz and get period in seconds (auto-scaled to ms, µs, or ns). Switch to Frequency (from period) to solve the reverse.
Quick start: Select Period, enter frequency (e.g. 1 MHz) → result shows 1 µs. Select Frequency (from period), enter 16.67 ms → 60 Hz.
Frequency to period formula
T = 1 / f
| Symbol | Unit | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| T | seconds (s) | Time for one complete cycle |
| f | hertz (Hz) | Cycles per second |
Reverse: f = 1 / T
Common conversions
| Frequency | Period |
|---|---|
| 60 Hz (mains US) | 16.67 ms |
| 50 Hz (mains EU) | 20 ms |
| 1 kHz | 1 ms |
| 1 MHz | 1 µs |
| 1 GHz | 1 ns |
| 2.4 GHz (WiFi) | 417 ps |
Worked example
Find period of 100 MHz clock:
- T = 1 / 100,000,000 = 10 ns
- Half-period (for edge timing) = 5 ns
Period vs wavelength
Period is time per cycle; wavelength is distance per cycle:
λ = c × T = c / f
For RF wavelength with velocity factor, use the Frequency to Wavelength Calculator.
Related tools
- Frequency to Wavelength Calculator — λ = c/f with velocity factor
- 555 Timer Calculator — astable period from R and C
- RC Time Constant Calculator
- Reactance Calculator
Design Notes
Never assume signals travel at the speed of light over a PCB or through a coaxial cable. For example, standard FR4 PCB material has a VF of roughly 0.45 to 0.55 depending on the trace geometry. This means a 1 GHz signal, which has a 30 cm wavelength in air, will only have a ~15 cm wavelength on your PCB. If you are designing quarter-wave matching stubs or length-matching high speed lines, using the correct velocity factor is critical.
Common Mistakes
- 1
Using c (300,000 km/s) for calculations inside coax cables. RG-58 coax typically has a VF of 0.66, meaning the wave is 34% slower.
- 2
Confusing Hz with MHz/GHz resulting in calculation errors off by millions. Always use base SI units or keep track of the scientific notation.
- 3
Ignoring the effect of dielectric loading. Exposing a trace to air vs encapsulating it in conformal coating changes the local velocity factor.
Engineering Handbox
1. Convert Frequency: 2.4 GHz = 2,400,000,000 Hz 2. Base Wavelength (Air): λ = c / f = 299,792,458 / 2.4e9 = 12.49 cm 3. Apply Velocity Factor: 12.49 cm × 0.66 = 8.24 cm
Knowledge Base
Was ist die Wellenlängenformel?
λ = c / f. In einem Medium mit Geschwindigkeitsfaktor VF: λ = (c × VF) / f. Beispiel: 2,4 GHz im Freiraum: λ = 12,5 cm.
Was ist der Geschwindigkeitsfaktor?
Das Verhältnis der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit im Medium zur Lichtgeschwindigkeit. FR4-PCB ≈ 0,45–0,55, RG-58 Koax = 0,66. VF = 1/√εr.
Welche Wellenlänge hat WLAN (2,4 GHz)?
Freiraum: 12,5 cm. Auf PCB (VF ≈ 0,5): ~6,25 cm. Eine Viertelwellenantenne für 2,4 GHz ist ca. 3,1 cm.
Warum ist die Wellenlänge in der Elektronik wichtig?
Wenn Schaltungsabmessungen λ/10 erreichen, dominieren Welleneffekte: Reflexionen, Impedanzanpassung und Übertragungsleitungseffekte werden kritisch.
Wie berechne ich die Antennenlänge?
Halbwellendipol: L = λ/2 = c/(2f). Viertelwellen-Monopol: L = λ/4 = c/(4f). Geschwindigkeitsfaktor des Materials berücksichtigen.
Related Engineering Tools
Frequency to Wavelength Conversion
Convert frequency and wavelength with velocity factor
555 Timer Calculator
Monostable and astable timing
Reactance Calculator
Inductive and capacitive reactance
Low Pass / High Pass Filter Calculator
-3 dB cutoff for RC and RL filters
Time Constant Calculator
RC and RL transient constant